Bomb Lab Version: 1/12/2016
二进制炸弹实验提供了一个可执行文件,要求用户输入 6 个密码才能够拆除炸弹,而密码并没有任何线索,所以只能够通过反汇编等方式确定。
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input = read_line();
phase_1(input);
phase_defused();
printf("Phase 1 defused. How about the next one?\n");
input = read_line();
phase_2(input);
phase_defused();
printf("That's number 2. Keep going!\n");
其提供的主程序源代码十分清晰,每次密码通过 read_line()
获取,在 phase_x
中判断是否正确,phase_defused()
拆除炸弹,之后输出一条拆除成功的信息。所以说逆向的目标就是找出 phase_x
中到底是如何判断的。
Phase 1
先通过反汇编观察 phase_1
的源代码。
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(gdb) disas phase_1
Dump of assembler code for function phase_1:
0x0000000000400ee0 <+0>: sub $0x8,%rsp
0x0000000000400ee4 <+4>: mov $0x402400,%esi
0x0000000000400ee9 <+9>: callq 0x401338 <strings_not_equal> ;判断字符串相等
0x0000000000400eee <+14>: test %eax,%eax
0x0000000000400ef0 <+16>: je 0x400ef7 <phase_1+23> ;相同则返回
0x0000000000400ef2 <+18>: callq 0x40143a <explode_bomb> ;否则炸弹爆炸
0x0000000000400ef7 <+23>: add $0x8,%rsp
0x0000000000400efb <+27>: retq
End of assembler dump.
通过函数名可以很清楚的了解到程序中做了些什么。如果你去观察 strings_not_equal
的汇编代码,可以看出他是先通过一个 string_length
判断两个字符串长度,不同则直接爆炸,否则再判断字符串相等。
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(gdb) disas string_length
Dump of assembler code for function string_length:
0x000000000040131b <+0>: cmpb $0x0,(%rdi)
0x000000000040131e <+3>: je 0x401332 <string_length+23>
0x0000000000401320 <+5>: mov %rdi,%rdx
0x0000000000401323 <+8>: add $0x1,%rdx
0x0000000000401327 <+12>: mov %edx,%eax
0x0000000000401329 <+14>: sub %edi,%eax
0x000000000040132b <+16>: cmpb $0x0,(%rdx)
0x000000000040132e <+19>: jne 0x401323 <string_length+8>
0x0000000000401330 <+21>: repz retq
0x0000000000401332 <+23>: mov $0x0,%eax
0x0000000000401337 <+28>: retq
End of assembler dump.
<+16> 就表示字符串以 0 结尾,那么回到 phase_1
中 mov $0x402400, %esi
。这句话就表明了目标字符串所存储的位置。
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(gdb) p (char*) 0x402400
$2 = 0x402400 "Border relations with Canada have never been better."
获得密码!
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Border relations with Canada have never been better.
Phase 2
反汇编 phase_2
。
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(gdb) disas phase_2
Dump of assembler code for function phase_2:
0x0000000000400efc <+0>: push %rbp
0x0000000000400efd <+1>: push %rbx
0x0000000000400efe <+2>: sub $0x28,%rsp
0x0000000000400f02 <+6>: mov %rsp,%rsi
0x0000000000400f05 <+9>: callq 0x40145c <read_six_numbers>
0x0000000000400f0a <+14>: cmpl $0x1,(%rsp)
0x0000000000400f0e <+18>: je 0x400f30 <phase_2+52>
0x0000000000400f10 <+20>: callq 0x40143a <explode_bomb>
0x0000000000400f15 <+25>: jmp 0x400f30 <phase_2+52>
0x0000000000400f17 <+27>: mov -0x4(%rbx),%eax
0x0000000000400f1a <+30>: add %eax,%eax
0x0000000000400f1c <+32>: cmp %eax,(%rbx)
0x0000000000400f1e <+34>: je 0x400f25 <phase_2+41>
0x0000000000400f20 <+36>: callq 0x40143a <explode_bomb>
0x0000000000400f25 <+41>: add $0x4,%rbx
0x0000000000400f29 <+45>: cmp %rbp,%rbx
0x0000000000400f2c <+48>: jne 0x400f17 <phase_2+27>
0x0000000000400f2e <+50>: jmp 0x400f3c <phase_2+64>
0x0000000000400f30 <+52>: lea 0x4(%rsp),%rbx
0x0000000000400f35 <+57>: lea 0x18(%rsp),%rbp
0x0000000000400f3a <+62>: jmp 0x400f17 <phase_2+27>
0x0000000000400f3c <+64>: add $0x28,%rsp
0x0000000000400f40 <+68>: pop %rbx
0x0000000000400f41 <+69>: pop %rbp
0x0000000000400f42 <+70>: retq
End of assembler dump.
<+9> 这一行函数名 read_six_numbers
就表示了要读入 6 个数字。如果你去单部运行观察该函数内部,可以看到 esi 寄存器内容是 %d %d %d %d %d %d
,可以印证这一猜想。
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(gdb) p (char*) 0x4025c3
$1 = 0x4025c3 "%d %d %d %d %d %d"
随后 <+14> 判断是否为 1,之后进入一个循环,每次与 eax 比较,而每次 eax 都翻倍(<+30>)。因此这六个数字,第一个是 1,随后每次翻倍,就得到了密码。
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1 2 4 8 16 32
Phase 3
老规矩先反汇编 phase_3
。
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(gdb) disas phase_3
Dump of assembler code for function phase_3:
0x0000000000400f43 <+0>: sub $0x18,%rsp
0x0000000000400f47 <+4>: lea 0xc(%rsp),%rcx
0x0000000000400f4c <+9>: lea 0x8(%rsp),%rdx
0x0000000000400f51 <+14>: mov $0x4025cf,%esi
0x0000000000400f56 <+19>: mov $0x0,%eax
0x0000000000400f5b <+24>: callq 0x400bf0 <__isoc99_sscanf@plt>
0x0000000000400f60 <+29>: cmp $0x1,%eax
0x0000000000400f63 <+32>: jg 0x400f6a <phase_3+39>
0x0000000000400f65 <+34>: callq 0x40143a <explode_bomb>
0x0000000000400f6a <+39>: cmpl $0x7,0x8(%rsp)
0x0000000000400f6f <+44>: ja 0x400fad <phase_3+106>
0x0000000000400f71 <+46>: mov 0x8(%rsp),%eax
0x0000000000400f75 <+50>: jmpq *0x402470(,%rax,8)
0x0000000000400f7c <+57>: mov $0xcf,%eax
0x0000000000400f81 <+62>: jmp 0x400fbe <phase_3+123>
0x0000000000400f83 <+64>: mov $0x2c3,%eax
0x0000000000400f88 <+69>: jmp 0x400fbe <phase_3+123>
0x0000000000400f8a <+71>: mov $0x100,%eax
0x0000000000400f8f <+76>: jmp 0x400fbe <phase_3+123>
0x0000000000400f91 <+78>: mov $0x185,%eax
0x0000000000400f96 <+83>: jmp 0x400fbe <phase_3+123>
0x0000000000400f98 <+85>: mov $0xce,%eax
0x0000000000400f9d <+90>: jmp 0x400fbe <phase_3+123>
0x0000000000400f9f <+92>: mov $0x2aa,%eax
0x0000000000400fa4 <+97>: jmp 0x400fbe <phase_3+123>
0x0000000000400fa6 <+99>: mov $0x147,%eax
0x0000000000400fab <+104>: jmp 0x400fbe <phase_3+123>
0x0000000000400fad <+106>: callq 0x40143a <explode_bomb>
0x0000000000400fb2 <+111>: mov $0x0,%eax
0x0000000000400fb7 <+116>: jmp 0x400fbe <phase_3+123>
0x0000000000400fb9 <+118>: mov $0x137,%eax
0x0000000000400fbe <+123>: cmp 0xc(%rsp),%eax
0x0000000000400fc2 <+127>: je 0x400fc9 <phase_3+134>
0x0000000000400fc4 <+129>: callq 0x40143a <explode_bomb>
0x0000000000400fc9 <+134>: add $0x18,%rsp
0x0000000000400fcd <+138>: retq
End of assembler dump.
这一次中又调用了 __isoc99_sscanf@plt
,格式化字符串存于 $esi
(0x4025cf)中。
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(gdb) p (char*)0x4025cf
$1 = 0x4025cf "%d %d"
这就可以看出输入的应该是两个数字,两个分别存于 0x8(%rsp)
和 0xc(%rsp)
。<+39> 要求第一个数字不大于 8。
<+50> 是这段程序的核心,这句话可以等价看为 jmp [0x402470 + 8 * %rax]
,其中 rax 即为第一个数字。以 2 为例,这句话会跳转至 0x402480 处的地址。
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(gdb) x 0x402480
0x402480: 0x00400f83
所以程序接下来会执行 0x400f83 处的程序,即 <+64>。之后会给 eax 一个值,此处为 0x2c3,与第二个数相比,所以答案为 2 707
。
根据第一个数的不同,所对应的数字也有所不同,因此有多个答案。
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0 207
1 311
2 707
3 256
4 389
5 206
6 682
7 327
Phase 4
先观察 phase_4
。
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(gdb) disas phase_4
Dump of assembler code for function phase_4:
0x000000000040100c <+0>: sub $0x18,%rsp
0x0000000000401010 <+4>: lea 0xc(%rsp),%rcx
0x0000000000401015 <+9>: lea 0x8(%rsp),%rdx
0x000000000040101a <+14>: mov $0x4025cf,%esi
0x000000000040101f <+19>: mov $0x0,%eax
0x0000000000401024 <+24>: callq 0x400bf0 <__isoc99_sscanf@plt>
0x0000000000401029 <+29>: cmp $0x2,%eax
0x000000000040102c <+32>: jne 0x401035 <phase_4+41>
0x000000000040102e <+34>: cmpl $0xe,0x8(%rsp)
0x0000000000401033 <+39>: jbe 0x40103a <phase_4+46>
0x0000000000401035 <+41>: callq 0x40143a <explode_bomb>
0x000000000040103a <+46>: mov $0xe,%edx
0x000000000040103f <+51>: mov $0x0,%esi
0x0000000000401044 <+56>: mov 0x8(%rsp),%edi
0x0000000000401048 <+60>: callq 0x400fce <func4>
0x000000000040104d <+65>: test %eax,%eax
0x000000000040104f <+67>: jne 0x401058 <phase_4+76>
0x0000000000401051 <+69>: cmpl $0x0,0xc(%rsp)
0x0000000000401056 <+74>: je 0x40105d <phase_4+81>
0x0000000000401058 <+76>: callq 0x40143a <explode_bomb>
0x000000000040105d <+81>: add $0x18,%rsp
0x0000000000401061 <+85>: retq
End of assembler dump.
一样是输入两个数字,之后会调用 func4
,返回之后判断 eax 是否为 0 以及输入的第二个数是否为 0,因此关键在于 func4
。
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(gdb) disas func4
Dump of assembler code for function func4:
0x0000000000400fce <+0>: sub $0x8,%rsp
0x0000000000400fd2 <+4>: mov %edx,%eax
0x0000000000400fd4 <+6>: sub %esi,%eax
0x0000000000400fd6 <+8>: mov %eax,%ecx
0x0000000000400fd8 <+10>: shr $0x1f,%ecx
0x0000000000400fdb <+13>: add %ecx,%eax
0x0000000000400fdd <+15>: sar %eax
0x0000000000400fdf <+17>: lea (%rax,%rsi,1),%ecx
0x0000000000400fe2 <+20>: cmp %edi,%ecx
0x0000000000400fe4 <+22>: jle 0x400ff2 <func4+36>
0x0000000000400fe6 <+24>: lea -0x1(%rcx),%edx
0x0000000000400fe9 <+27>: callq 0x400fce <func4>
0x0000000000400fee <+32>: add %eax,%eax
0x0000000000400ff0 <+34>: jmp 0x401007 <func4+57>
0x0000000000400ff2 <+36>: mov $0x0,%eax
0x0000000000400ff7 <+41>: cmp %edi,%ecx
0x0000000000400ff9 <+43>: jge 0x401007 <func4+57>
0x0000000000400ffb <+45>: lea 0x1(%rcx),%esi
0x0000000000400ffe <+48>: callq 0x400fce <func4>
0x0000000000401003 <+53>: lea 0x1(%rax,%rax,1),%eax
0x0000000000401007 <+57>: add $0x8,%rsp
0x000000000040100b <+61>: retq
End of assembler dump.
目标是能够让 eax 为 0,观察可以发现只有 <+36> 有这一作用,且它上一句为强制跳转,所以只有通过 jmp 才能抵达这句话,即要抵达 <+22>。
利用单步调试可以发现这一句上面比较时 ecx 为 7,而 edi 是我们输入的第一个数字,因此第一个数小于等于 7。随后 <+41> 为了能够让函数顺利返回,就要求第一个数大于等于 7,因此这个数为 7。
根据 phase_4
中又要第二个数字为 0,因此答案为
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7 0
Phase 5
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(gdb) disas phase_5
Dump of assembler code for function phase_5:
0x0000000000401062 <+0>: push %rbx
0x0000000000401063 <+1>: sub $0x20,%rsp
0x0000000000401067 <+5>: mov %rdi,%rbx
0x000000000040106a <+8>: mov %fs:0x28,%rax
0x0000000000401073 <+17>: mov %rax,0x18(%rsp)
0x0000000000401078 <+22>: xor %eax,%eax
0x000000000040107a <+24>: callq 0x40131b <string_length>
0x000000000040107f <+29>: cmp $0x6,%eax
0x0000000000401082 <+32>: je 0x4010d2 <phase_5+112>
0x0000000000401084 <+34>: callq 0x40143a <explode_bomb>
0x0000000000401089 <+39>: jmp 0x4010d2 <phase_5+112>
0x000000000040108b <+41>: movzbl (%rbx,%rax,1),%ecx
0x000000000040108f <+45>: mov %cl,(%rsp)
0x0000000000401092 <+48>: mov (%rsp),%rdx
0x0000000000401096 <+52>: and $0xf,%edx
0x0000000000401099 <+55>: movzbl 0x4024b0(%rdx),%edx
0x00000000004010a0 <+62>: mov %dl,0x10(%rsp,%rax,1)
0x00000000004010a4 <+66>: add $0x1,%rax
0x00000000004010a8 <+70>: cmp $0x6,%rax
0x00000000004010ac <+74>: jne 0x40108b <phase_5+41>
0x00000000004010ae <+76>: movb $0x0,0x16(%rsp)
0x00000000004010b3 <+81>: mov $0x40245e,%esi
0x00000000004010b8 <+86>: lea 0x10(%rsp),%rdi
0x00000000004010bd <+91>: callq 0x401338 <strings_not_equal>
0x00000000004010c2 <+96>: test %eax,%eax
0x00000000004010c4 <+98>: je 0x4010d9 <phase_5+119>
0x00000000004010c6 <+100>: callq 0x40143a <explode_bomb>
0x00000000004010cb <+105>: nopl 0x0(%rax,%rax,1)
0x00000000004010d0 <+110>: jmp 0x4010d9 <phase_5+119>
0x00000000004010d2 <+112>: mov $0x0,%eax
0x00000000004010d7 <+117>: jmp 0x40108b <phase_5+41>
0x00000000004010d9 <+119>: mov 0x18(%rsp),%rax
0x00000000004010de <+124>: xor %fs:0x28,%rax
0x00000000004010e7 <+133>: je 0x4010ee <phase_5+140>
0x00000000004010e9 <+135>: callq 0x400b30 <__stack_chk_fail@plt>
0x00000000004010ee <+140>: add $0x20,%rsp
0x00000000004010f2 <+144>: pop %rbx
0x00000000004010f3 <+145>: retq
End of assembler dump.
从 <+29> 可以看出这次输入的是一个字符串,且长度为 6。随后会将 eax 置为 0 开始一个关键循环(<+41> ~ <+74>)。
首先必须确定的是 rbx 是输入的字符串地址。循环依次取出输入的每一个字符放入 ecx,取其低 4 位(<+45> ~ <+52>)放入 edx,之后取出 0x4024b0(%rdx)
,放入 rsp + 0x10 + rax 的位置。循环六次后结束,将处理后的结果与 0x40108b 处的字符串相比。
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(gdb) p (char*)(0x40245e)
$5 = 0x40245e "flyers"
(gdb) p (char*)(0x4024b0)
$6 = 0x4024b0 <array> "maduiersnfotvbylSo you think you ......"
所以这个程序做的是将输入字符串每个字符的低 4 位作为 index 在上面第二个字符串 maduiersnfotvbyl
中进行映射,映射结果应该为 flyers
。所以根据字符 ASCII 码后四位反推即可得到答案,答案不唯一。下面一列中有两个的说明两者皆可,当然只要满足条件不是字母也行,例如将 i 换成 ) 。
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ionefg
y uvw
Phase 6
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(gdb) disas phase_6
Dump of assembler code for function phase_6:
0x00000000004010f4 <+0>: push %r14
0x00000000004010f6 <+2>: push %r13
0x00000000004010f8 <+4>: push %r12
0x00000000004010fa <+6>: push %rbp
0x00000000004010fb <+7>: push %rbx
0x00000000004010fc <+8>: sub $0x50,%rsp
0x0000000000401100 <+12>: mov %rsp,%r13
0x0000000000401103 <+15>: mov %rsp,%rsi
0x0000000000401106 <+18>: callq 0x40145c <read_six_numbers>
0x000000000040110b <+23>: mov %rsp,%r14
0x000000000040110e <+26>: mov $0x0,%r12d
0x0000000000401114 <+32>: mov %r13,%rbp
0x0000000000401117 <+35>: mov 0x0(%r13),%eax
0x000000000040111b <+39>: sub $0x1,%eax
0x000000000040111e <+42>: cmp $0x5,%eax
0x0000000000401121 <+45>: jbe 0x401128 <phase_6+52>
0x0000000000401123 <+47>: callq 0x40143a <explode_bomb>
0x0000000000401128 <+52>: add $0x1,%r12d
0x000000000040112c <+56>: cmp $0x6,%r12d
0x0000000000401130 <+60>: je 0x401153 <phase_6+95>
0x0000000000401132 <+62>: mov %r12d,%ebx
0x0000000000401135 <+65>: movslq %ebx,%rax
0x0000000000401138 <+68>: mov (%rsp,%rax,4),%eax
0x000000000040113b <+71>: cmp %eax,0x0(%rbp)
0x000000000040113e <+74>: jne 0x401145 <phase_6+81>
0x0000000000401140 <+76>: callq 0x40143a <explode_bomb>
0x0000000000401145 <+81>: add $0x1,%ebx
0x0000000000401148 <+84>: cmp $0x5,%ebx
0x000000000040114b <+87>: jle 0x401135 <phase_6+65>
0x000000000040114d <+89>: add $0x4,%r13
0x0000000000401151 <+93>: jmp 0x401114 <phase_6+32>
0x0000000000401153 <+95>: lea 0x18(%rsp),%rsi
0x0000000000401158 <+100>: mov %r14,%rax
0x000000000040115b <+103>: mov $0x7,%ecx
0x0000000000401160 <+108>: mov %ecx,%edx
0x0000000000401162 <+110>: sub (%rax),%edx
0x0000000000401164 <+112>: mov %edx,(%rax)
0x0000000000401166 <+114>: add $0x4,%rax
0x000000000040116a <+118>: cmp %rsi,%rax
0x000000000040116d <+121>: jne 0x401160 <phase_6+108>
0x000000000040116f <+123>: mov $0x0,%esi
0x0000000000401174 <+128>: jmp 0x401197 <phase_6+163>
0x0000000000401176 <+130>: mov 0x8(%rdx),%rdx
0x000000000040117a <+134>: add $0x1,%eax
0x000000000040117d <+137>: cmp %ecx,%eax
0x000000000040117f <+139>: jne 0x401176 <phase_6+130>
0x0000000000401181 <+141>: jmp 0x401188 <phase_6+148>
0x0000000000401183 <+143>: mov $0x6032d0,%edx
0x0000000000401188 <+148>: mov %rdx,0x20(%rsp,%rsi,2)
0x000000000040118d <+153>: add $0x4,%rsi
0x0000000000401191 <+157>: cmp $0x18,%rsi
0x0000000000401195 <+161>: je 0x4011ab <phase_6+183>
0x0000000000401197 <+163>: mov (%rsp,%rsi,1),%ecx
0x000000000040119a <+166>: cmp $0x1,%ecx
0x000000000040119d <+169>: jle 0x401183 <phase_6+143>
0x000000000040119f <+171>: mov $0x1,%eax
0x00000000004011a4 <+176>: mov $0x6032d0,%edx
0x00000000004011a9 <+181>: jmp 0x401176 <phase_6+130>
0x00000000004011ab <+183>: mov 0x20(%rsp),%rbx
0x00000000004011b0 <+188>: lea 0x28(%rsp),%rax
0x00000000004011b5 <+193>: lea 0x50(%rsp),%rsi
0x00000000004011ba <+198>: mov %rbx,%rcx
0x00000000004011bd <+201>: mov (%rax),%rdx
0x00000000004011c0 <+204>: mov %rdx,0x8(%rcx)
0x00000000004011c4 <+208>: add $0x8,%rax
0x00000000004011c8 <+212>: cmp %rsi,%rax
0x00000000004011cb <+215>: je 0x4011d2 <phase_6+222>
0x00000000004011cd <+217>: mov %rdx,%rcx
0x00000000004011d0 <+220>: jmp 0x4011bd <phase_6+201>
0x00000000004011d2 <+222>: movq $0x0,0x8(%rdx)
0x00000000004011da <+230>: mov $0x5,%ebp
0x00000000004011df <+235>: mov 0x8(%rbx),%rax
0x00000000004011e3 <+239>: mov (%rax),%eax
0x00000000004011e5 <+241>: cmp %eax,(%rbx)
0x00000000004011e7 <+243>: jge 0x4011ee <phase_6+250>
0x00000000004011e9 <+245>: callq 0x40143a <explode_bomb>
0x00000000004011ee <+250>: mov 0x8(%rbx),%rbx
0x00000000004011f2 <+254>: sub $0x1,%ebp
0x00000000004011f5 <+257>: jne 0x4011df <phase_6+235>
0x00000000004011f7 <+259>: add $0x50,%rsp
0x00000000004011fb <+263>: pop %rbx
0x00000000004011fc <+264>: pop %rbp
0x00000000004011fd <+265>: pop %r12
0x00000000004011ff <+267>: pop %r13
0x0000000000401201 <+269>: pop %r14
0x0000000000401203 <+271>: retq
End of assembler dump.
这个真的有最后一题的风范。。。看着真的是头晕,简单来说输入了六个数字,<+23> 到 <+93> 检查了这六个数字是否都小于 7 且均不相等,<+95> 到 <+128> 让每个数字都被 7 减,之后得到一个数列。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
(gdb) x/24xw 0x6032d0
0x6032d0 <node1>: 0x0000014c 0x00000001 0x006032e0 0x00000000
0x6032e0 <node2>: 0x000000a8 0x00000002 0x006032f0 0x00000000
0x6032f0 <node3>: 0x0000039c 0x00000003 0x00603300 0x00000000
0x603300 <node4>: 0x000002b3 0x00000004 0x00603310 0x00000000
0x603310 <node5>: 0x000001dd 0x00000005 0x00603320 0x00000000
0x603320 <node6>: 0x000001bb 0x00000006 0x00000000 0x00000000
之后代码中提到了 0x6032d0
这一地址,其中存放的是链表中的六个结点,结构大概如下。
1
2
3
4
5
struct node{
int num;
int order;
node *next;
};
之前处理的数列就是这几个结点从大到小依次排列的序号列表,之后的程序会将其顺序进行调整然后检查。
对于这个链表,从大到小依次是 3、4、5、6、1、2,但之前每个数字都要被 7 减,因此答案是
1
4 3 2 1 6 5
拆弹完成!